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English participial clauses and their Czech translation counterparts
Mašková, Martina ; Malá, Markéta (advisor) ; Šaldová, Pavlína (referee)
The aim of this diploma thesis is to analyse and describe the Czech translation counterparts of English present- and perfect-participial clauses which function as postmodifiers and adverbials. Although there is a formal counterpart of the English participle - the transgressive - this form is considered very marked and archaic in Czech. Therefore, based on an analysis of 210 sentences excerpted from three American works of contemporary fiction, the thesis describes the recurrent patterns used in the translation of the forms in question. The analysis confirmed the findings of previous studies that while English prefers nominal and verbo- nominal means of expressions, Czech relies rather on verbal expression. The majority of the translation counterparts are divergent correspondences, above all finite clauses connected paratactically to the counterpart of the matrix clause. Although the translation of a participle by a finite verb form is more explicit, the coordinative relation makes it possible to retain the semantic indeterminacy of the relation between the clauses which is specific for participial constructions. Key words: participle, participial clause, transgressive, postmodifier, adverbial, translation counterparts
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Cooccurrence of Primary Prepositions in Contemporary News Texts (Corpus Survey)
Komrsková, Zuzana ; Lehečková, Eva (advisor) ; Adam, Robert (referee)
Diploma thesis is concentrated on the phenomenon called coocurance of primary prepositions. It is a construction of two prepositions directly standing next to each other, where each of them is part of another prepositional phrase. The first preposition is not directly in front of its phrases, but there is the second prepositional phrase inserted between the first preposition and its phrases. The aim of the thesis was to find these structures in the corpus SYN2009PUB, and their description of the semantic and formal aspects. Inserted phrase is in most cases syntactically incorporated into sentence, where takes the adverbial or object distinction. Comparison in length (in number of words) of inserted phrase with the phrases, which can be inserted, showed that during insertion depends on the length of the transferred phrases. The paper outlines other factors affecting coocurence, e. g. pronounceability.
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Present Perfect versus Past Tense with adverbs like just, recently, lately
ŠÍMOVÁ, Barbora
The bachelor's dissertation focuses on an issue of usage of present perfect and past simple tense with adverbs as "just, recently and lately", which are usually used with present perfect tense. To look into the usage of adverbial "in the past" is another task of the bachelor's dissertation. Grammatik says that adverbial "in the past", is not usual to combine with present perfect tense but with past simple tense. The research is based on British National Corpus database. The main aim of the research is to find out the number of sentences written in present perfect tense or past simple tense in combination with the given adverbials. The other aim is to compare the usage of given tenses with adverbials in specific text types or text domains.
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Object or adverbial?
LANGOVÁ, Veronika
Object or Adverbial? The theme of this work is Object or Adverbial? Therefore, we are going to deal with the sentential syntax and the development of the opinions of the distinction between the object and the adverbial. The aim of the work is to accumulate the component standpoints of the Czech linguistic schools, the Prague school (Šmilauer, Hrbáček, Daneš) and the Brno school (Grepl, Karlík), to carry out a theoretical comparation and to find out (using the established facts) if it is possible to define criterions applyable for the definite decision, whether to determine a given word as an adverbial, or as an object.
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Form, Frequency and Position of Adverbs in Spanish and Czech Non-Literary Texts
LEXOVÁ, Renata
Diploma thesis Form, frequency and position of adverbial in Spanish nonliterary texts in comparison with Czech is split into three chapters. First charter which is divided in 9 subchapeters that consists of theoretical part and describes classification of adverbial according to several different grammers. The introductory part presents the basic literature related to the topic and the attention is also brought to classification of adverbial according to Grammer of Spanish language that was published by Spanish Royal Academy. Center of this work is based on second chapter pratical part of this thesis in which we proceed from analysis of journalistic texts. Specifically from two language version ? Spanish and Czech. Based on analysis of these texts we focus our attention on form, frequency and position of adverbial. Special attention is put mainly on analysis of adverbial of location, time and manner. Other adverbials are only briefly evaluated and described. The total summary is given in the conclusion and includes graphs and tables. Summary in Spanish makes part of this thesis.
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